![]() North Korea follows Songun, or " military first" policy, for its Korean People's Army. Most services – such as healthcare, education, housing, and food production – are subsidized or state-funded. The means of production are owned by the state through state-run enterprises and collectivized farms. According to Article 3 of the constitution, Kimilsungism–Kimjongilism is the official ideology of North Korea. The Workers' Party of Korea is the ruling party of North Korea and leads the Democratic Front for the Reunification of Korea, the sole legal political movement in the country. It holds elections, though they have been described by independent observers as sham elections, as North Korea is a totalitarian dictatorship with a comprehensive cult of personality around the Kim family. From 1994 to 1998, North Korea suffered a famine that resulted in the deaths of between 240,000 and 420,000 people, and the population continues to suffer from malnutrition.Īccording to Article 1 of the state constitution, North Korea is an "independent socialist state". The fall of the Soviet Union in 1991 then brought about a full-scale collapse of the North Korean economy. ![]() Pyongyang's international isolation sharply accelerated from the 1980s onwards as the Cold War came to an end and China opened up to the West. From the 1970s, South Korea's economy began to boom whilst North Korea entered a state of stagnation. Kim briefly turned to China in the late 1950s before purging both pro-Soviet and pro-Chinese elements from the ruling Workers' Party of Korea and promoting his personal philosophy of Juche as the state ideology. However, relations between North Korea and the Soviet Union soured after the ascension of Nikita Khrushchev to the Soviet premiership in 1953, as Khrushchev denounced Stalinism while Kim Il-sung, North Korea's first leader, upheld it. Post-war North Korea benefited greatly from economic aid and expertise provided by other Eastern Bloc countries, particularly the Soviet Union and China. The Korean Armistice Agreement brought about a ceasefire and established a demilitarized zone (DMZ), but no formal peace treaty has ever been signed. The Korean War began in 1950, with an invasion by North Korea, and lasted until 1953. Negotiations on reunification failed, and in 1948, separate governments were formed: the socialist and Soviet-aligned Democratic People's Republic of Korea in the north, and the capitalist, Western-aligned Republic of Korea in the south. In 1945, after the Japanese surrender at the end of World War II, Korea was divided into two zones along the 38th parallel, with the north occupied by the Soviet Union and the south occupied by the United States. In 1910, Korea was annexed by the Empire of Japan. Pyongyang is the capital and largest city. North Korea, like its southern counterpart, claims to be the legitimate government of the entire peninsula and adjacent islands. The country's western border is formed by the Yellow Sea, while its eastern border is defined by the Sea of Japan. ![]() North Korea's border with South Korea is a disputed border as both countries claim the entirety of the Korean Peninsula. It constitutes the northern half of the Korean Peninsula and shares borders with China and Russia to the north at the Yalu (Amnok) and Tumen rivers, and South Korea to the south at the Korean Demilitarized Zone. ![]() North Korea, officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea ( DPRK), is a country in East Asia. ![]()
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